• Contents
  • Index
  • Search
  • Welcome
  • Editions and Versions
    • Editions
      • Personal Edition
      • Premium Edition
      • Professional Edition
      • This operation is not allowed in this Edition
    • Versions
      • What's New?
      • Warnings and Errors
        • Not Implemented in this Version
    • Agile Releases
    • About TPC Desktop command
  • Install and Activate
    • Downloading TPC
    • Installing TPC
    • Activating Your License
      • License Activation dialog
    • Deactivating a License
    • Windows Versions
    • User Collaboration
  • License Management
    • TPC Licenses
      • License Types
        • Trial Licenses
        • Subscription Licenses
        • Single User (Perpetual) Licenses
        • Network (Perpetual) Licenses
        • TPC Connection (TPCC) Licenses
      • License Agreement
    • Updating a License
      • Check for Updates command
      • Maintenance Updates
        • Maintenance Updates dialog
      • New Releases
        • Updating via TPC Connection
        • Update to a Newer Version without the TPC Connection
        • New Releases dialog
    • Using the License Manager
    • Finding Your License Information
    • Grace Period
    • Upgrading a License
    • Running TPC In The Field Without Internet
    • Moving TPC to a New Computer
    • Renewing a License
    • Deactivating a License
    • Canceling a Subscription
    • Updating Your Payment Method
    • Running a Single User License on Multiple Computers
    • Network Installation
    • Trialing TPC
    • License Errors, Warnings and Messages
      • Messages
        • License was activated successfully
        • Activations: xx of xx activated, xx remaining
        • License deactivated
        • License/Connection is valid and active
        • License/Connection is Available
      • Errors and Warnings
        • No Activations Left
        • Can't Determine Item ID Or Edition From Key
        • Trial License Requires An Internet Connection
        • This License Has Not Yet Been Validated. Connect To The Internet And Try Again
        • Your License Expired
        • Your License Expires dd/mm/yyy in xx days
        • Your Grace Period Has Expired. Connect To The Internet And Try Again
        • Your TPC Connection Expired
        • Server Error
        • No Internet
        • Your TPC Connection Expires dd/mm/yy, In xx Days
        • License: Key (xxx) And ID (xxx) Do Not Match
        • License: Key (xx) And ID (xx) Has Been Disabled
        • License Has Failed To Activate
        • Unable To Deactivate License
          • Unable To Check License / Connection
        • License/Connection Is Available But Not Active
        • Other Errors
        • Manage Your TPC License
        • TPC Windows validation fix
  • Getting Started
    • What is Traverse PC?
    • Learning TPC
      • Learning Guides
      • Sample Surveys
    • Getting Help
      • Using Help
        • Contents (local) command
        • Contents (online) command
        • What's This command
        • Help for Warnings and Messages
        • Online Help vs Local Help
        • Search For Help On command
      • Support Options
      • Quick Assist Command
      • Screen Sharing Command
      • Help Errors and Warnings
        • No help available available for message
        • No help is available for this area
    • Becoming a TPC Member
      • Member Area command
  • Using the TPC Desktop
    • Obvious Navigation
    • Exiting Traverse PC
    • Context Menus
    • Desktop Layouts
    • Accessibility and VPAT
    • Updated Interface - 2010
    • EMail Data
    • Decimals
    • Running TPC in Windows
      • Title Bar
      • Hot Keys
      • Scroll Bars
      • Status Bar
      • File Toolbar
    • Toolbars
      • Navigation Toolbar
      • Customizing Toolbars
      • Pull Down Toolbars
    • Tool Tips
      • Tool Tips command
    • Working with Views
      • Synchronizing Views
      • Refresh View Command
      • Desktop Layouts
      • Using Multiple Monitors
      • Reporting View Data
      • Printing View Data
      • Undo command
      • Arranging Views
        • Docking Managers
        • Using Windows - non Docking Views
        • Maximize Command
        • Minimize Command
        • Move Command
        • Restore Command
        • Size Command
        • Switch To Command
        • Cascade command
        • Tile command
        • Close Command
    • Tasks Manager
      • Tasks Manager - Open a Survey
      • Tasks Manager - Survey Information
      • Tasks Manager - TPC License
      • Tasks Manager - TPC Online
      • Tasks Manager - Learning Guides
      • Tasks Manager Format dialog
    • Message View
      • Append to Message View command
      • Clear View command
      • Word Wrap dialog
      • Select All Text command
    • Program Data
      • Sharing Program Data
      • Managing Header Definitions
    • Program Settings
      • Program Settings - Miscellaneous Dialog
      • Program Settings - Drawing View Dialog
      • Program Settings - Survey Data Dialog
      • Program Settings - Program Data Dialog
      • Program Settings - Support Dialog
      • Program Settings - Desktop Dialog
      • Program Settings - Width Dialog
      • Program Settings - Units Dialog
      • Program Settings - Tolerance Dialog
      • Program Settings - Angle Sets Dialog
      • Program Settings - Limits Dialog
      • Program Settings - Help Dialog
      • Program Settings - Decimals Dialog
      • Warnings and Errors
        • A previous version of TP was found
        • This operation is not allowed...
        • Unable to reconcile user Quick View settings...
        • Direct / Reverse angle set data mismatch
        • Invalid character in path
        • Invalid drive specification
        • Cannot use root directory for program data
        • Error copying file
    • Adding Items
      • Append command
      • Insert Item Above command
      • Insert Item Below command
    • Entering Data
      • Entering Equations
      • Predictive Data Entry
      • Warnings and Errors
        • The Value ___ is not in the range of ___ to ___
        • This value is outside it's acceptable range
        • Unable to parse this equation
    • Opening Items
      • Open Item command
    • Editing Items
      • Copy command
      • Cut command
      • Paste command
      • Copy Selected Items command
      • Edit Item command
      • Delete command
      • Duplicate Selected Items command
      • Delete Selected Items command
    • Selecting Items
      • Edit Multiple Selected Items
      • Select All Items command
    • Tagging Items
      • Select Tagged Items
      • Clear All Tags command
      • Clear Tag command
      • Set All Tags command
      • Set Tag command
    • Using the What List
      • Warnings and Errors
        • Select 'What' you want to work with
        • Missing Traverse from What List
    • Delineating Items in a Drawing
      • Delineate Item in Drawing command
      • Delineating Points
    • Deleting vs Removing Survey Items
      • Delete Selected Items command
      • Remove Selected Items From Survey command
      • Warnings and Errors
        • Remove selected items from the survey?
        • Delete selected items?
    • Using the Clipboard
      • Clipboard - Copy Current Column command
      • Clipboard - Copy Current Cell command
      • Clipboard - Copy Current Row command
      • Clipboard - Copy Rows After command
      • Clipboard - Copy Rows Before command
      • Clipboard - Copy Selected Column command
      • Clipboard - Copy Selected Rows command
      • Select Value
    • Grouping Data
      • Groups dialog
      • Warnings and Errors
        • One or more groups could not be deleted
        • Can't move the default (Un-assigned) group
    • Find & Replace Items
      • Find Text command
      • Find Next command
      • Replace Text command
      • Find dialog
      • Find command
      • Replace command
    • Using Fonts for Data
      • Identify Data Types with Fonts
      • Font Formats dialog
    • Formatting a View
      • List View Format dialog
      • Choose Font command
      • Warnings and Errors
        • Invalid formatting characters have been removed
    • Customizing Views
      • Customize Toolbars dialog
    • Registry Editor
      • TPC Registry and its Location
    • Errors and Warnings
      • Manually edit the following file
      • Operation failed
      • You must have a survey open to perform this operation
      • Operation not allowed
      • There was an error writing to the registry
      • Enter a Unique Name / Code / Label
      • This operation can't be undone. Continue?
  • Research and Planning
    • Survey Research Workflows
    • Project Planning Workflows
  • Surveys
    • Learning Surveys
    • What Is a Survey?
    • Working With Survey Data
    • Getting Data Into Your Survey
    • Working With Data States
    • Working With Names
    • Working With Survey Files
    • Survey Distance and Direction
    • Working with Units
    • Metric Surveys
    • Survey Information
      • Survey (Project) Factors
        • Survey Factors dialog
      • Survey (Project) Location
      • Survey Information dialog
      • Surveyor Information dialog
      • Coordinate Reference System dialog
      • User Definitions
      • CRS Ellipse dialog
    • Starting a New Survey
      • New Survey command
    • Saving and Opening Surveys
      • Save Survey command
      • Save Survey As dialog
      • Save Survey As command
      • Open Existing Survey command
      • File Open dialog
      • MRU File command
      • Close Survey command
    • Sharing Surveys
      • Share Survey As command
      • Shared Survey Files Folder
    • Appending Surveys
      • Append Existing Survey command
    • Survey Report
      • Survey Report command
    • Survey Files
      • Survey File Preferences
      • Showing File Extensions
      • Working With Large Survey Files
      • Using Autosave
      • Setting the Default Survey Folder
      • Locking Survey Files
      • Backing up Survey Files
        • Current Survey Backup command
        • Current Survey Backups dialog
      • Warnings and Errors
        • This file does not match the intended format!
        • This file is currently locked by another user and can not be opened
        • You have not specified a shared survey folder
        • The file generated one or more Error/Warning messages
        • You're about to open a backup survey
        • You are opening a file that was created by a newer version of Traverse PC!
        • It's been ?? minutes since you saved the survey
        • An error was encountered while writing this file
        • You are about to change or close this Survey
        • Invalid filename [invalid name] Changed to [valid name]
        • An Autosave file exists for this survey
        • This autosave file failed to open
        • hide_cannot_open_locked_trv
        • You can't use the survey filename when exporting
        • Can't open this file. Remove it from the recent file list?
        • Error opening or creating file
        • Overwrite existing file?
        • Untitled is not a valid filename
        • Geoids folder was not found next to program data folder
  • Geodetic Surveys
    • Learning Geodetics
    • Geodetic Distance Types
    • Geodetic Direction Types
    • Geodetic Closure and Area
    • Geodetic Alignments
    • Geodetic Drawings
    • Creating Geodetic Midpoints
    • Doing Geodetic COGO
    • Using Geodetic Positions
      • Importing and Exporting Geodetic Positions
    • Geoids
      • Geoid Models
      • Warnings and Errors
        • Geoid 18 won't work for this survey
        • Selected CRS Zone will not work for Geoid 18
        • This survey's geoid wasn't found on this computer
  • Cadastral Surveys - Public Land Survey System
    • Learning Cadastral Surveys - PLSS
    • BLM Training Course
    • Geodetic Midpoints
    • Geodetic Distances
    • Geodesic Lines vs Rhumb Lines
    • Entering PLSS Traverse Data
    • Grant Boundary Adjustment
    • Irregular Boundary Adjustment
    • Computing a Center Section with PLSS Data
    • Drawing PLSS Data
    • Doing COGO with PLSS Data
    • Setting Out Corners (corner move)
    • Offsets to True Line
    • Double Proportion - PLSS
      • Double Proportion with Cardinal Offsets - PLSS
      • 2-Point and 3-Point Control
      • Double Proportion dialog
    • Single Proportion - plss
      • Single Proportion dialog
    • Medial Lines
      • Creating a Source Traverse for Medial Lines
      • Computing Medial Lines
      • Fine-tuning Medial Lines
      • Medial Lines dialog
      • Medial Lines command
    • Warnings and Errors
      • This cardinal offset computation was rejected because it differed too much from the BLM Manual method
      • Latitude Arc is always On for geodetic directions
      • Latitude Arc is disabled for North-South lines
  • ALTA/NSPS Land Title Surveys
    • ALTA 2021 Minimum Standard
    • Defining an ALTA Boundary Traverse
    • ALTA Example
    • ALTA Dialog
  • Survey Points
    • Learning Points
    • Survey Point Properties
      • Survey Point Labels
      • Survey Point Descriptions
      • Survey Point Attributes
      • Survey Point Origin
      • Survey Point Status
      • Survey Point Properties Dialog
        • Survey Point Point tab
        • Survey Point Status tab
        • Survey Point Symbols tab
        • Survey Point Traverses tab
    • Managing Survey Points
    • Creating Survey Points
    • Editing Survey Points
    • Recalling Survey Points
      • Existing Point Dialog
    • Searching for Survey Points
      • Find and Replace Dialog
    • Sorting Survey Points
      • Sort Points to Nearest Neighbor Dialog
    • Relabeling Survey Points
      • Relabeling Points in the Points Manager
      • Relabeling Traverse Points
      • Relabel Points dialog
    • Protecting Survey Points
      • Protect Off command
      • Protect On command
      • Point Protection Dialog
    • Designating TOPO Points
      • Topo Off command
      • Topo On command
    • Deleting Points
      • Select Unused Points command
      • Deleting Unused Points
    • Warnings and Errors
      • This operation is not allowed on protected point
      • This operation is not allowed on referenced point
      • The protected elevation of this point was retained
      • Could not find point
      • This point is protected. Continue this operation on this point?
      • Coordinates may be overwritten
      • Duplicate point label
      • Missing point label
  • Using Coordinates
    • Learning Coordinates
    • Distance and Direction Types
      • Distance Types
        • Coordinate Distance Types
        • Geodetic Distance Types
      • Direction Types
    • Using Scale Factors
    • Transforming Coordinates
      • Grid to Geodetic Command
        • Grid <=> Geodetic Dialog
      • Transform Coordinates Command
        • Transform Coordinates Dialog
    • Converting Coordinates
      • Changing Units Using Coordinate Conversion
      • Converting Between Grid and Geodetic Positions
      • Importing and Exporting Geodetic Positions
      • Coordinate Conversion Dialog
      • Coordinate Conversion command
    • Warnings and Errors
      • Set the survey foot definition of each traverse to match?
        • Convert the survey units?
      • Distance and Direction Types Don't Match
  • Coordinate Reference Systems
    • Choosing a Coordinate Reference System
    • Managing Ellipses
    • Geoids
    • CRS Files
    • PRJ Files
    • NAD 83 Epoch 2010.00
    • Project Location
    • Warnings and Errors
      • Geodetic points can't be transformed from one CRS to another
      • The survey CRS has been changed to ???
      • The specified CRS file wasn't found in program data
      • Line not converted because one or more endpoints were not converted
      • These parameters do not match an existing ellipse
      • This projection file is incomplete (missing PROJCS data)
      • This operation requires a Coordinate Reference System (CRS)
      • This CRS and Distance or Direction Type Do Not Match
      • The specified zone wasn't found in CRS file
  • Grid vs Ground
    • Grid vs Ground: Converting Coordinates
    • Grid vs Ground: In a Traverse
    • Grid vs Ground: In a Drawing
    • Grid vs Ground: In COGO
  • Working with Elevations
    • Entering Elevations
    • Computing Elevations
    • Protecting Elevations
    • Benchmarks
    • Carrying Elevations in a Travese
    • Surface Elevations
    • Moving Elevations to a Surface
    • Vertical Alignments
    • Profiles
    • Creating Transects From Surfaces
    • Creating Cut Sheets From Surfaces
    • Adjusting (balancing) Elevations
  • Working with Areas
    • Grid vs Geodetic Areas
  • Calibrating Data
    • Learning Calibrations
    • Calibration Workflows
    • What is a Calibration?
      • Calibration Types
      • Calibration Information
      • Calibration Results
        • Calibration Results dialog
    • Calibration File
    • Calibrations and Coordinate Reference Systems
    • Creating Calibrations
      • Create Calibration command
      • Create Calibration dialog
      • Select point pairs manually from drawing
      • Select point series manually from drawing
      • Select point series from the CAD View
      • Select a traverse of uncalibrated points
      • Select an uncalibrated traverse and a calibrated traverse
      • Enter a scale factor an base point
        • Calibration From  Scale & Base Point
    • Reusing Calibrations
      • Choose Calibration dialog
    • Editing a Calibration
      • Calibration Properties
        • Calibration Properties dialog
      • Calibration Points
        • Calibration Points dialog
        • Edit Calibration Point Pairs dialog
    • Calibrating Survey Data
      • Calibrate command
      • Calibrate dialog
      • Identifying Calibrated Data
    • Calibrating an Entire Survey From Local to CRS
    • Calibrating on Import and Export
    • Calibrating Total Station Data
    • Calibrating GPS / GNSS
    • Calibrating Coordinates on Export
    • Calibrating Drawing Objects
      • Calibrate Selected Drawing Objects command
      • Calibrate Drawing Objects command
      • Calibrate Last Import command
      • Create a New Calibration From Point Pairs Command
      • Create Calibration From Series Command
      • Uncalibrate Drawing Object command
      • Uncalibrate Drawing Objects command
      • Referencing a Group to the Survey
    • Calibrating From the Drawing Data Manager
    • Calibrating Mixed Survey & Drawing Data
    • Calibrating CAD
      • Calibrating XReferences
      • Calibrating CAD Files
        • Calibrating a CAD File on Import
        • Calibrating a CAD File on Export
        • Using Referenced CAD Files
      • Using Calibrations with the CAD View
    • Site Calibration
      • Site Calibration dialog
    • Uncalibrating
      • Uncalibrate command
      • Uncalibrate dialog
    • Recalibrating
    • Reverse Calibrating
    • Sharing Calibrations
    • Calibrating on Export
    • Managing a Survey's Calibrations
      • Manage Survey Calibrations command
      • Manage Survey Calibrations dialog
    • Calibration Associations
      • Calibration Association dialog
    • Calibration File References
      • Calibration Referenced Files dialog
    • Warnings and Errors
      • Some survey data and objects are currently using this calibration
      • Calibration Index is Invalid
      • Calibration Filename is Invalid
      • Only one end of this line is being calibrated
      • TPC has found a calibration associated with this file
      • The file you have selected is not associated with this calibration
      • Calibrate local coordinates to CRS
  • Traverses
    • Learning Traverses
    • What is a Traverse?
    • Traverse Point Types
    • Traverse Distance Types
    • Traverse Point Sequence
    • Selecting Traverse Points
      • Select Points of a Certain Type command
    • Sorting Points in a Traverse
    • Relabeling Traverse Points
    • Deleting Traverse Points
    • Drawing Traverses with Quick View™
    • Smoothing Traverses
    • Creating Traverses
      • New Traverse dialog
      • Creating Traverses in the Traverse Manager
      • Creating Traverses From the Point Manager
      • Creating Traverses From a Traverse View
      • Creating Traverses From Point Codes
      • Creating Traverses From Imported Data
      • Creating Traverses From Other Traverses
    • Creating Traverses in the Drawing View
      • Adding Points to Traverses in Drawing View
      • Entering Traverse Data in Drawing View
      • Selecting Traverse Data in Drawing View
      • Selecting Traverse Lines in Drawing View
      • Selecting Traverse Points in Drawing View
    • Entering Traverse Data
      • Entering Traverse Data for Multple Points
    • Adding Points to a Traverse
      • Appending Points to a Traverses
      • Adding Points to an Existing Traverses
      • Inserting a New Point
      • Inserting a Mid Point
      • Add Points to Traverse command
      • Add Points To Traverse dialog
    • Inserting Existing Points
      • Inserting Matching Points
      • Inserting a Range of Points
      • Inserting Points by Proximity
      • Inserting Existing Points command
      • Insert Existing Points dialog
    • Recomputing a Traverse
      • Recompute Traverse command
    • Ground Traversing
      • Starting a Traverse
        • Starting with an Occupied Point
        • Starting With Two Known Points
        • Starting With One Known Point and an Azimuth
        • Starting With a Resection
      • Traverse Resection
      • Entering a Foresight
      • Reading the Prompt Line
      • Occupying the Foresight
      • Combining Foresight Points and Occupied Points
      • Changing Backsights
      • Traverse command
      • Using Stadia
      • Carrying Elevations in a Traverse
        • Starting a Traverse With an Assumed Elevation
        • Entering Instrument and Target Heights
        • Using Benchmarks
        • Including Check Elevations in your Traverse
        • Translating to a Known Elevation
        • Entering Elevations of Foresights and Side Shots
      • Taking Side Shots
        • Changing the Point Type to Side Shot
        • Entering Another Side Shot
        • Canceling Side Shot Mode
      • Using Data Sets
        • Entering an Angle Set
        • Repetition Set Types
        • Direction Set Types
        • Multiple Sets to the Same Foresight
        • Traverse Direct-Reverse Report
          • Traverse Direct Reverse Report command
          • Traverse Direct-Reverse Report dialog
      • Using Remote Observations
        • Formatting the Traverse View for remote observations
        • Remote Offsets
      • Using Sun Shots
        • Sun Shot command
        • Sun Shots dialog
        • Sun Shot Observations dialog
    • GNSS Traversing
    • Inserting a Gap Into a Traverse
    • Raw Data
      • Displaying Raw Data
      • Updating Raw Data
      • Update Raw Data dialog
      • Delete Raw Data command
    • Traverse Direction Modifier
      • Traverse Direction Modifier dialog
    • Traverse Properties
      • Traverse tab
      • Information tab
      • Closure Type tab
      • Legal Description Commencement tab
      • Direction Modifier tab
      • Location tab
      • Parcel tab
      • Lot Setbacks tab
      • Edit Traverse Properties command
      • Traverse Property Tab Selection dialog
    • Traverse View
      • Formatting the Traverse View
        • Traverse View Formats
        • Traverse View Format dialog
        • Traverse View Display and Edit Squences
        • Traverse View Format - Advanced dialog
        • Traverse View Format - Decimals dialog
        • Traverse Formats dialog
        • View Single Row command
    • Traverse Report
      • Traverse Report command
      • Traverse Report dialog
      • Traverse Open Report command
    • Managing Traverses
      • Traverses Manager
      • Changing a Traverse Name
      • Copying Traverses
      • Duplicating Traverses
      • Moving Traverses
      • Deleting Traverses
      • Displaying Closure Data in the Traverse Manager
      • Dividing Your Field Data into Traverses
        • Field Data
        • Record Data
    • Grouping Traverses
    • Warnings & Errors
      • Can't sort a traverse that has raw data
      • Recompute the backsight point position using this reference azimuth/bearing?
      • Deleting this point will delete raw data. Continue?
      • No Inverse data available to recompute with
      • Can't edit an adjusted point
      • You can not edit the direction of this type of point
      • Enter this data on the next line down
      • Can't edit a mean observation
      • Inserting a traverse into its self isn't allowed
      • Area can't be computed. Consecutive points have the same coordinate position.
      • Replace HA with AZ?
      • The first point of a traverse must be a control point
      • Recompute the Traverse using any raw data it contains?
      • This operation requires the Traverse View for the following traverse
      • The Angle Set definition appears to be bad
      • Sets are allowed only for sideshots or foresights
      • Labels for one or more tagged traverses have been manually added to a table
      • Operation not allowed on this traverse because it is currently being used elsewhere in the survey
      • No points of selected type
  • Checking Closure
    • Learning Closure Checking
    • Checking Closure Workflows
    • Closure View
      • Access the Closure View
    • Closure Settings
      • Closure Settings command
    • Closure Types
      • Closure Type dialog
    • Closing Points
      • Include Closing Points command
      • Closing Points dialog
    • Closing Angles
      • Closing Angle dialog
    • Closure Error Summary
      • Include Closure Error Summary command
      • Including Closure Warnings command
    • Automatic Closure Settings
    • Traverse Summary
    • Displaying Closure Data in the Traverse Manager
    • Reporting Traverse Closure
    • Warnings and Errors
      • Some of the points to be adjusted are curve or spiral points
      • Closing points must be control points
      • Closure data could not be computed
      • Some of the points to be adjusted have incomplete raw data
      • Not enough points for adjustments
      • One or more control points has observed data
      • Protected points were not adjusted
      • This adjustment requires a correct closing point
      • Some of the points to be adjusted have previously been rotated
      • Precision adjustment as has been turned off to accommodate the coordinate adjustment
  • Adjusting a Traverse
    • Learning Adjustments
    • Available Traverse Adjustments
    • Adjusting (balancing) Coordinates
      • Adjust Coordinates dialog
    • Adjusting (balancing) Angles
    • Applying Curvature and Refraction
    • Applying a Scale Factor
      • Apply Scale Factor dialog
    • Applying Precision
      • Precision dialog
    • Sticky Adjustments
    • Undoing Adjustments
      • Undo Adjustments command
    • Include Adjustment Details command
    • Include Adjustment Summary command
    • Least Squares Traverse Adjustment
  • Lots (Parcels)
    • Entering Lot Traverses
    • Grouping Lot Traverses
    • LandXML Parcels
  • Alignments
    • Learning Alignments
    • Horizontal Alignments
    • Horizontal Line Fitting
    • Horizontal Curves
      • Radius Rays
      • Horizontal Curve dialog
      • Horizontal Curve command
    • Horizontal Curve Fitting
    • Spirals
      • Spiral Definitions
      • Railroad Spirals
      • Combination Spiral dialog
      • Single Spiral dialog
      • Spiral Curve command
    • Stations and Offsets
      • Entering Stations
      • Stationing an Alignment
        • Stations dialog
        • Stations command
      • Adding Single Stations
      • Entering Stations and Equations
      • Station Offsets
        • Station Offset dialog
        • Station Offset command
      • Station Offset Tools
      • Station Offset Report
        • Station Offset Report command
    • Offsets to Alignments
      • Offset to Alignment dialog
      • Offset to Alignment command
    • Vertical Curves
      • Vertical Curve View
        • Update Vertical PI's dialog
        • Compute Vertical Alignment command
        • Delete VPI command
        • Insert VPI command
        • Update Vertical PI's command
        • Compute Vertical Alignment dialog
    • Warnings and Errors
      • Spiral length is too short
      • Can't edit central angle of a PI
      • A PI must have incoming and outgoing tangents
      • Arc length is too short
      • Curve/Spiral not allowed here
      • A PI is not allowed here
      • The radius you entered is too short for the values given
      • A PI is not allowed here
      • Release the PC->PT field
      • Release the PI->PT field
      • Release the radius or delta (central angle)
      • Release the radius or delta (central angle)
      • Release the Tangents
      • Curves allowed to control points only
  • Profiles
    • Editing Profile Settings
  • Cross Sections
    • Editing Cross Sections Settings
  • Survey Lines
    • Warnings and Errors
      • Could not find the survey line
  • Point Codes
    • Learning Point Codes
    • Using Point Codes in the Field
      • Placing Multiple Codes in a Description
      • Using Point Code Aliases
    • Point Codes Manager
      • Formatting the Point Code Manager
      • Inserting Codes
      • Editing Codes
      • Deleting Codes
      • Updating Point Codes
        • Update Codes command
        • Update Point Codes dialog
      • Point Codes Files
      • Sharing Point Codes
    • Creating Traverses From Point Codes
      • Sorting Points Within Traverses
      • Sort Points by Code dialog
      • Update Point Code Traverses command
      • Update Point Code Traverses command
    • Setting Traverse Drawing Settings
      • Using Traverse Settings With Point Codes
      • Copying Traverse Settings Between Codes
    • Setting Survey Point Properties
      • Set Survey Point Properties command
    • Point Code Settings dialog
    • Warnings and Errors
      • No Point Codes
      • No traverses were created from point codes
  • COGO
    • Learning COGO
    • Accessing COGO
    • COGO Commands
    • Report COGO
    • Inserting a Midpoint
    • Extending a Line
    • Trimming a Line
    • Stations and Offsets
    • Lot Setbacks
    • COGO and Areas
    • Using the What List
    • COGO Distance and Direction Types
    • Using COGO
      • Entering Equations
      • Common COGO Dialog Buttons
      • Undoing COGO Compute
      • Undoing COGO Save
      • Choosing What Data TPC Works With
      • Picking COGO Data From a Drawing
      • Labeling COGO Points
      • Plotting COGO Points
      • Setting the Default Direction for COGO
    • Computing New Coordinates for a Point
      • Compute Coordinates dialog
      • Compute Coordinates command
      • Compute Coordinates command (Views)
    • Creating Multiple Points on a Line or Grade
      • Multiple Points dialog
      • Multiple Points command
      • Multiple Points command (Views)
    • Creating Setbacks or R-O-W Offsets
      • Right-of-Way Offset dialog
      • Right-of-Way Offsets command
      • Right-of-Way Offsets command (Views)
    • Creating Offsets to Lines, Curves and Spirals
      • Offset to Line dialog
      • Offset To Line command
    • Fitting Lines and Curves
      • Horizontal Line Fitting
        • Fit Horizontal Line command
        • Fit Horizontal Line dialog
      • Horizontal Curve Fitting
        • Fit Horizontal Curve command
        • Fit Horizontal Curve dialog
    • Rotating
      • Rotate dialog
      • Rotate command
      • Rotate command (Views)
    • Translating
      • Translate dialog
      • Translate command
      • Translate command (Views)
    • Creating Points at Intersections
      • Intersection dialog
      • Intersect command
      • Intersect command (Views)
    • Creating Points at Tangent Intersections
      • Tangent Intersection dialog
      • Tangent Intersect command
    • Inversing Between any 2 Points
      • Random Inverse dialog
      • Random Inverse command
      • Random Inverse command (views)
    • Computing Offset Intervals for Posting Line
      • Offset Interval dialog
      • Offset Interval command
    • Creating a Point at a Distance and Offset
      • Distance-Offset dialog
      • Distance-Offset command
      • Distance-Offset command (Views)
    • Creating Corner Offsets
      • Corner Offset dialog
      • Corner Offsets command
    • Average Point
      • Average Point dialog
      • Average Point command
    • Computing a Predetermined Area
      • Predetermined Area dialog
      • Predetermined Area command
    • Warnings and Errors
      • Can't Open Summary
      • The computed coordinates are outside the accepted limits
      • COGO Distance and Direction Type Mismatch
      • TPC does not currently compute a distance-spiral intersect
      • Missing starting point
      • You must select a traverse
      • No Offset (OFS or OFX) points selected
      • Offset exceeds radius
      • Offset is not perpendicular
      • COGO Computation Failed
      • You must have at least 3 points for this operation
  • Surfaces
    • Learning Surfaces
    • What is a Surface?
    • Surfaces Workflows
    • Surface dialog
    • Surface Information
    • Editing Topo Points
    • Editing a Surface
    • Recomputing a Surface
    • Creating Surfaces
      • Create Surface From Traverse command
      • Creating Surface From Selected Objects Command
    • Surface Drawing Objects
      • Surface Layers
    • Surface Settings
      • Unique Surface Settings
      • Survey Advanced Settings dialog
    • Creating a TIN
      • TIN Settings dialog
    • Surface Borders
      • Editing a Surface Border
      • Edit Surface Border command
    • Drawing Contours
      • Contour Smoothing
      • Contour Settings dialog
    • Using Breaklines
      • Editing Breaklines
      • Edit Breaklines command
      • Breakline Settings dialog
      • Apply Breaklines command
      • Getting Breaklines from Existing Traverse command
      • Removing Breaklines (using an existing traverse) command
    • Locking a Surface
    • Surface Exclusions
      • Editing Surface Exclusions
      • Edit Exclusions command
      • Apply Exclusions command
      • Getting Exclusions from Existing Traverse command
      • Removing Exclusions (using an existing traverse) command
      • Exclusions Settings dialog
    • Surface Elevations
      • Moving Survey Point Elevations to a Surface
      • Move Elevations to Surface command
      • Move Survey Point Elevations to Surface command
      • Move Elevations To Surface dialog
    • Surface Commands
    • Surface Volume
      • Volume Between Two Surfaces
      • Volume to the Surface Border
      • Volume To an Elevation
      • Surface Volumes dialog
    • Surface Slope Analysis
      • Slope Analysis dialog
    • Creating a Cut Sheet from a Surface
      • Cut Sheet command
    • Creating a Transect from a Surface
      • Transect command
    • Managing Surfaces
      • Surfaces Manager
      • Surfaces command
      • Including Surfaces in Drawings
      • Multiple Surfaces in a Drawing
      • Untag Surface command
    • Optimizing Surfaces
    • Sharing Surfaces
      • Importing Surfaces From CAD
      • Exporting Surfaces To CAD
      • Sharing with LandXML
    • Warnings and Errors
      • Would you like this surface to re-compute as you edit it?
      • This surface is not currently included in this drawing
      • Unlocking this surface may undo certain edits like exclusions
      • Could not compute the TIN
      • The surface is locked
      • You must specify a border for this surface
      • This operation requires a second surface
      • Select a source traverse
  • Drawings
    • Learning Drawings
    • Drawing Workflows
    • What is a Drawing?
    • Drawing As You Go
    • What is a Working Drawing?
    • Drawing Page Layout
      • Page Layout Mode dailog
      • Scaling a Drawing
      • Positioning the Survey on the Page
        • Position Survey command
      • Rotating the Survey on the Page
        • Rotate Survey command
      • Clipping Survey Space
        • Clip Survey Space command
        • Un-Clip Survey Space command
        • Hide Clip Object message
      • Background Clearing
        • Clear Background dialog
    • Paper Space vs. Survey Space
      • Paper Space Mode command
    • Drawing Settings
      • Learning Drawing Settings
      • Drawing Settings command
      • Miscellaneous Drawing Settings
      • Background Clearing Settings
      • Object Label Settings
      • Dynamic Offset Settings
      • Interior Angle Settings
      • Leader Settings
      • Crowsfeet Settings
      • Dimension Settings
      • Layer Settings
    • Quick View™ Technology
      • Learning Quick View™
      • Quick View™ Concept
      • Traverse Drawing Settings vs Object Settings
      • Smart Drawing Objects™
      • Switching from CAD to TPC Drawing
        • Switching From CAD Exercise
    • Traverse Drawing Settings
      • Unique Traverse Drawing Settings
      • Prioritizing Traverse Drawing Settings
      • Traverse Drawing Settings - Decimals dialog
      • Advanced Traverse Drawing Settings dialog
      • Save / Recall Traverse Drawing Settings List dialog
      • Copying Traverse Drawing Settings
        • Copy Traverse Drawing Settings command
      • Setting Traverse Drawing Settings for Selected Traverses
        • Traverse Drawing Settings Tab Selection dialog
    • Drawing Traverses
      • Viewing Tagged Traverses
      • Viewing a Single Traverse
      • Using the Point Plot traverse
      • Drawing Points (Symbols)
        • Point Symbol dialog
        • Trimming Point Symbols
        • Adding Point Symbols
          • Point Symbols Syntax
        • Editing Point Symbols
          • Editing Point Symbols command
      • Labeling Points
        • Point Label Format dialog
      • Drawing Control Points
        • Control Point Settings dialog
        • Drawing Control Points as a Polyline
          • Control Polyline Settings dialog
        • Drawing a Control Point Chain
      • Traverse Smoothing
        • Smoothing Parts of a Traverse
          • Begin Smoothing at this Point command
          • End Smoothing at this Point command
          • Clear Smoothing for this Point command
          • Clear All Smoothing command
        • Traverse Smoothing Warnings
          • Traverse smoothing turned on for code
          • Remove all traverse smoothing>
          • Can't smooth traverse when overriding travese drawing settings
          • Traverse smoothing requires an open drawing
      • Drawing Curves and Spirals
        • Curve Settings Dialog
      • Drawing Side Shots
        • Side Shot Settings dialog
      • Labeling Traverse Lines
        • Traverse Line Direction Labels
          • Reverse Direction Label command
          • Reset Direction Label command
        • Labeling Curves and Spirals
        • Formatting for Record Data
        • Mixing Parent and Child Parcel Labels
        • Curve / Spiral Labels dialog
        • Line (tangent) Labels dialog
        • Line Label Formatting Examples
      • Labeling Lots, Parcels and Figures
        • Lot Labels dialog
        • Parcel Location Labels
          • Parcel Location Labels dialog
        • Lot Closure Labels dialog
      • Changing Travese Opacity
        • Traverse Opacity dialog
      • Inserting a Gap in a Drawing
        • Gap command
      • Delineating Traverses
      • Drawing View Traverse Commands
        • Traverse Properties command
        • Delineate Traverse in Drawing command
        • Duplicate Traverse command
        • Add Points to Traverse command
        • Modifying Traverses in Drawing View
        • Insert / Delete Points command
        • Add Points To Traverse dialog
        • Edit Traverse command
        • Adding Points to a Traverse
    • Drawing Surfaces
    • Drawing Objects Manually
    • Labeling Drawing Objects
    • Formatting Labels
      • Drawing Label Formats vs Traverse Label Formats
      • Label Reading Orientation
      • Stacked Label Orientation
        • Stack Labels command
      • Label Style
      • Label Style vs Table Style
      • Formatted Label Word Spacing
      • Line Label Changes in TPC Version 17.0
    • Using Layers
      • Managing Layers
      • Traverse Layers
      • Point Label Layers
      • Layers dialog
      • Layer Settings Dialog
      • Object Layer Tools
      • Layers command
    • Fonts
      • Text Size
      • Font Tools
      • Converting Fonts
        • Convert Fonts command
        • Convert Fonts dialog
    • Line Types
      • Modifying TPC's Predefined Line Types
      • Adding Your Own Line Types
      • Using Predefined AutoCAD Line Types
      • Line Types Syntax
      • Adding Drafted Lines
    • Using Drawing Order
    • Drawing View
      • Using the Drawing View
        • Drawing View - Preferences
        • Drawing View - Delineate Objects settings
        • Drawing View - Mouse settings
        • Using the Format Toolbar
      • Using Drawing Commands
        • Nested commands
        • The Undo command
        • Entering Exact Values
        • Repeating Commands
      • Selecting Drawing Objects
        • Unselect Objects command
        • Select All Paper Space Objects command
        • Select All Survey Space Objects command
        • Select Last Imported Objects command
        • Select Objects command
        • Select Previous Objects command
        • Accenting Objects
      • Redraw vs. Regen
        • Redraw command
        • Regenerate command
      • Panning and Zooming
        • Zoom Extents command
        • Zoom Window command
        • Zoom Page command
        • Zoom In command
        • Zoom Out command
        • Zoom Previous command
        • Window Extents command
        • Zoom Points command
        • Auto Extents command
      • Snapping
        • Snap End command
        • Snap Intersect command
        • Snap Mid Point command
        • Snap Nearest command
        • Snap Perpendicular command
        • Snap Insert Point command
        • Snap Tangent command
        • Using Object Snap Mode
          • Object Snap Mode command
      • Using Draft Mode
        • Draft Mode command
      • Editing the Scale List
        • Edit Scale List command
        • Edit Scales dialog
      • Ortho Mode
      • Display Missing Blocks / Pictures
      • Undo command
      • Show Hidden Objects command
      • Finding Points in a Drawing
        • Find Point In Drawing command
        • Find Point command
        • Find Points dialog
      • Select Entity in Drawing Data Manager
    • Profile View command
      • Profile Miscellaneous dialog
      • Profile Settings dialog
      • Profile Point Label Format dialog
    • Working with Drawing Objects
      • Drawing Object Properties
        • Drawing Object Properties Command
        • Reset Modified Attributes command
        • Set Properties command
        • Set Object Properties Dialog
        • Drawing Object Color
        • Opacity
          • Opacity Dialog
      • Editing Drawing Objects
        • Editing Drawing Objects
        • Erase Objects command
        • Extending Drawing Objects
          • Extend Objects command
        • Trimming Drawing Objects
          • Trimming Symbols
          • Trim Objects command
        • Breaking Drawing Objects
          • Break Objects command
        • Rotating Drawing Objects
          • Rotating Objects command
          • Rotating Objects to Bearing command
        • Labeling Drawing Objects
          • Label Objects command
          • Object Labels dialog
        • Moving Drawing Objects
          • Move Objects command
        • Erasing Drawing Objects
        • Hiding Drawing Objects
        • Copying Drawing Objects
          • Copy Objects command
        • Hatching and Fills
          • Filling a Traverse
          • Adding Fills to a Legend
          • Modifying Fill Types
          • Adding and Removing Fill Types
          • Filling Drawing Objects
          • Fill Types Dialog
          • Fill Settings Dialog
        • Overriding Point Symbols
      • Converting Drawing Objects to Survey
        • Convert to Survey Dialog
      • Delineating Drawing Objects
        • Accenting Objects
        • Delineating Traverses
          • Delineate Traverse command
        • Delineating Survey Points
        • Finding Points in a Drawing
        • Delineate Modified Survey Text command
        • Delineate Paper Space Objects command
        • Delineate Survey Space Objects command
        • Delineate Topo Points command
        • Delineate Traverse command
        • Delineate Point command
        • Cancel All Delineations command
      • Grouping Drawing Objects
        • Group Objects command
        • Blocks and Groups
        • Reference Group to Survey command
        • Edit Group or Drawing Detail command
        • Group Last Import command
      • Spacing Drawing Objects
        • Space Horizontally command
        • Space Vertically command
      • Aligning Drawing Objects
        • Align Bottom command
        • Align Left command
        • Align Right command
        • Align Top command
        • Align Labels command
    • Supported Drawing Objects
      • Text
        • Inserting Text
          • Text command
        • Inserting Angled Text
          • Angled Text command
        • Inserting Text Box with Word Wrap
          • Text Box command
        • Inserting a Rich Text Box with Word Wrap
          • Rich Text Box Command
        • Inserting Aligned Text
        • Edit Text dialog
        • Using Drawing Variables
        • Text Properties dialog
      • Ellipses
        • Ellipse command
        • Ellipse dialog
      • Lines
        • Line command
        • Line/Arc/Rectangle Properties Dialog
      • Rectangles
        • Rectangle command
        • Rectangle Dialog
      • Arcs
        • Arc command
        • Labeling an Arc
      • Polylines
        • Polyline Smoothing
        • Polyline command
        • Polyline Dialog
      • Circles
        • Circle command
        • Circle dialog
      • Point Symbols
      • Radial Rays
      • Details
        • Create Detail command
        • Create Detail dialog
        • Editing Groups and Details
        • Scaling Details
      • Blocks
        • Inserting Blocks
        • Editing a Block Reference
        • Converting Blocks to Groups
        • Creating Blocks
        • Editing Blocks
        • Storing Blocks in the Drawing
        • Block Files
        • Deleting Unused Blocks
        • Object Library
        • Create Block command
        • Insert Block command
        • Block Reference Dialog
        • Using Blocks from Other CAD Programs
          • Get Blocks From File command
          • Get Blocks Dialog
      • Pictures
        • Inserting a Picture into a Drawing
        • Using World Files
        • Resizing a Picture
        • Cropping a Picture
        • Editing a Picture
        • Picture Settings Dialog
        • Referencing a Picture to the Survey
        • Calibrating Pictures
        • Insert Picture Command
        • Enhanced Meta Files Settings Dialog
      • Tables
        • Learning Tables
        • Inserting a Table
        • Editing Column Names
        • Table Styles
          • All Style Tables
          • Auto Style Tables
          • Manual Style Tables
          • Table Style vs Label Style
        • Table Properties
          • Table Properites command
          • Table Properties dialog
        • Table Items
          • Editing Table Items
        • Curve Tables
          • Insert Curve Table command
        • Line Tables
          • Insert Line Table commands
          • Add / Edit Traverse Line Table command
        • Lot Tables
          • Insert Lot Table commands
        • Point Tables
          • Insert Point Table command
          • Add / Edit Traverse Point Table command
        • Traverse Tables
          • Drawing vs Traverse Tables
      • Legends
        • Inserting a Legend
          • Legend command
        • Moving a Legend
        • Append to Legend command
        • Legend Properties
          • Legend Properties command
          • Legend dialog
          • Multi-Column Legends
        • Legend Items
          • Rearranging Legend Items
          • Hiding Legend Items
          • Editing Legend Items
          • Legend Item Description Dialog
        • Adding Point Symbols to a Legend
          • Automatic Point Symbols
        • Adding Lines to a Legend
        • Adding Blocks to a Legend
        • Adding a Contour Line to a Legend
        • Adding Text to a Legend
          • Text Legend Item Dialog
          • Append Text Item to Legend command
        • Adding Fills to a Legend
          • Append Fill Item to Legend command
      • Leaders
        • Automatic Leaders
          • Leader Off command
          • Leader On command
        • Manual Leaders
          • Leader command
          • Curved Leader command
          • Dot Leader command
        • Leaders dialog
        • Traverse vs Drawing Leader Settings
      • Crows feet
        • Crows feet dialog
        • Crowsfeet Off command
        • Crowsfeet On command
      • XReferences
        • Learning XReferences
        • XReference Rules
        • XRef Layers
        • Using XReferences in Ongoing Projects
        • Insert XReference command
        • Unloading and Reloading XReferences
          • Reload XReference command
          • Unload XReference command
        • Binding XReferences
          • Bind XReference command
          • Binding an XReference to a Group
            • Bind XReference into Group command
        • Calibrating XReferences
          • Reference XReference to Survey command
        • Editing XReference Properties
      • Lot Setbacks
        • Object Set Setback Type command
        • Lot Setbacks dialog
      • Adding a Border
        • Border command
        • Stock Objects dialog
      • Inserting a Dimension
        • Dimension command
        • Dimensions dialog
      • Adding a Scale Bar
      • Adding a Title Block
        • Title Block dialog
      • Adding a Grid
        • Grid command
        • Grid dialog
      • Inserting a Chamfer
        • Chamfer command
      • Inserting a Fillet
        • Fillet command
      • Inserting an Offset
        • Object Offset command
        • Offset Objects command
      • Inserting an Interior Angle
        • Interior Angle command
        • Interior Angles dialog
      • Inserting a Dynamic Offset
        • Dynamic Offset command
        • Dynamic Offsets dialog
    • Importing Data Into Drawings
    • Calibrating Drawing Data
    • Drawing Deliverables
      • Printing a Drawing
      • Exporting Drawings
    • Managing Drawings
      • Learning to Manage Drawings
      • Drawings Manager
      • Duplicating a Drawing
      • Drawing Groups
      • Purge Drawings command
      • Archiving Drawings
      • Drawing Properties dialog
      • New Drawing dialog
    • Drawing Templates
      • Learning Drawing Templates
      • Drawing Template Settings dialog
    • Warnings and Errors
      • Viewing Warnings in the DDM (Drawing Data Manager)
      • This object does not have Traverse Drawing Settings
      • This operation is not allowed on paper space objects
      • This is not a valid clip object
      • This object already has a label
      • Objects must be in survey space to be calibrated
      • Offset point must lie within the central angle of the arc
      • This pick requires an existing survey point
      • The image is very large, it's recommended you resize the image.
      • An error was discovered in the Drawing View registry settings
      • Radius is too large and will be reset to 0.0
      • XReference file not found
      • One or more layers were not deleted
      • This type of object can not be dimensioned
      • Can't remove object header
      • Command object count is large.
      • Drawing View is not set to display some of the options you have selected
      • The table does not exist
      • You can not have a text object without any text
      • Invalid Label Offset
      • Layer object count is large
      • Select all the objects in the associated traverses and continue?
      • This picture is sized and positioned by a world file
      • Update (overwrite) the drawing's label formats?
      • Use the drawing's label format by default?
      • The computed zoom is very large and may result in a long regen time
      • Convert Automatic table to Manual table?
      • Copy this picture file to the survey folder?
      • TPC set the required label for this object
      • Duplicate user linetype renamed
      • Group text objects can not be blank
      • Font is predefined
      • Font is used by text objects
      • Invalid Object (Entity) Removed
      • Label Format is Invalid
      • Label format is missing a required character
      • Update the drawing's label formats?
      • Invalid label size
      • No entities found with Font ID
      • Not enough objects selected to Set Object Properties
      • This file does not contain any blocks
      • Not Enough Drawing Objects Selected
      • Adding missing layer
      • The clip survey object is on a layer that is off or frozen
      • Invalid clipping object found
      • This layer frozen or turned off
      • This operation is not allowed on a locked layer
      • User layer count exceeded
      • Copy this file to the survey folder?
      • The Drawing View must be open to perform this operation!
      • TPC has determined that the drawing size and margins are not correct
      • This drawing is over-riding the Traverse Drawing Settings
      • You must specify a drawing code delimiter
      • No qualified objects were selected for this operation
  • Drawing Codes
    • Adding Drawing Codes to a Traverse
    • Drawing Code Settings dialog
    • Supported Drawing Codes
      • 2-Point Rectangle command
      • 3 Point Curve command
      • 3-Point Rectangle command
      • Begin Curve command
      • Begin Figure command
      • Begin Line command
      • Close Figure command
      • End Curve command
      • End Figure command
      • End Line command
      • Begin Smoothing command
      • End Smoothing command
  • Drawing Data Manager (DDM)
    • Learning the Drawing Data Manager
    • Using the Drawing Data Manager
    • Managing Drawing Data
    • Modifying Drawing Data
    • Cleaning Up Drawing Data
    • Sync to Drawing View command
    • Expanding Drawing Objects
    • Zoom to Entity command
    • Finding Drawing Data in the DDM
    • Viewing Warnings in the DDM
      • Deleting Warning Objects
    • Delineating DDM Items in a Drawing
      • Delineate DDM Object in Drawing command
    • DDM Items
      • DDM: Drawing Info
      • DDM: Page
      • DDM: Surfaces
      • DDM: Traverses
      • DDM: Layers
      • DDM: Symbols
      • DDM: XReferences
      • DDM: Pictures
      • DDM: Tables
      • DDM: Miscellaneous
      • DDM: Dymamic Objects
      • DDM: Modified Survey Text
      • DDM: Calibrations
      • DDM: Warnings
      • DDM: Blocks
        • Deleting Unused Blocks command
      • DDM: Fonts
        • Convert Fonts command
        • Convert To Target Font command
        • Delete Font command
        • Delete Unused Fonts command
        • Delete Unused Fonts command
        • Delineate Fonts command
        • Select Fonts command
        • Set Font Object Properties command
  • Using GPS / GNSS
    • Leaning GPS/GNSS
    • Solution: TPC and emlid RTK NTRIP
    • Types of GPS/GNSS Supported
    • GPS/GNSS Workflows
    • GPS/GNSS Data
    • GPS/GNSS Data Collector Files
    • GPS/GNSS CSV Files
      • GPS/GNSS CSV File Headers
    • Using GPS/GNSS with Surveys
      • Using the GPS/GNSS CRS
      • Using an Existing Survey's CRS
      • Converting an Existing Survey to GPS/GNSS
    • Calibrating GPS/GNSS Data
      • Calibrating GPS/GNSS to Your Survey
      • Calibrating Your Survey to GPS/GNSS
    • Importing GPS/GNSS
      • Rules for Imported GPS/GNSS Data
      • Viewing Imported GPS/GNSS Data
    • Exporting GPS/GNSS
      • Viewing Exported GPS/GNSS Data
  • Using CAD
    • Learning CAD
    • CAD Export Workflows
      • Exporting a TPC Drawing to a one-off CAD File
      • Exporting Specific Layers and Objects to a one-off CAD File
      • Exporting Specific Objects or Layers to an Existing CAD File
      • Exporting a CAD File to a Data Collector
    • CAD Import Workflows
      • Using CAD Files Sent To You
      • Inserting a CAD File as an XReference Into a TPC Drawing
      • Importing Specific Objects from a CAD File
      • Converting CAD Entities to Survey
    • Using CAD Files
      • Using DWG Files
        • DWG Support
        • Exporting DWG Files
        • Importing DWG Files
      • Using DXF Files
        • Importing DXF Coordinates
        • Importing DXF Drawings
        • Exporting DXF Drawings
      • Using DWF Files
      • Using DGN Files
        • DGN Support
        • Exporting DGN Files
        • Opening a Bentley DGN Drawing
      • CAD Export Settings dialog
      • CAD Import Settings dialog
      • Export Layer Options
    • Using the CAD View
      • Evaluating a CAD Drawing
      • Managing CAD Files
        • Opening a CAD File
        • Saving a CAD File
        • Close CAD File command
        • New CAD File command
        • Open CAD File command
        • Save CAD File command
        • Save CAD File As command
      • Panning and Zooming
        • CAD View: Pan command
        • CAD View: Zoom Extents command
        • CAD View: Zoom In command
        • CAD View: Zoom Out command
        • CAD View: Zoom Window command
      • Layouts
        • CAD View: Layouts command
        • Layouts dialog
      • Display Options
        • Display Options dialog
        • Display Options command
        • Refresh command
        • Regenerate command
      • Selecting Entities
        • CAD View: Select Entities command
        • CAD View: Select Previous Entities Command
        • CAD View: Unselect Entities Command
        • CAD View: List Selected Entities command
      • Drawing Commands
        • CAD View: Draw Circle command
        • CAD View: Draw Line command
        • CAD View: Draw Text command
        • CAD View: Snap dialog
      • Editing Entities
        • Block Properties dialog
        • DXF Codes dialog
        • Entity Properties dialog
        • Text Properties dialog
        • CAD View: Delete object command
        • CAD View: Entity Properties command
      • Layers
        • Layers dialog
        • Layers command
      • Converting CAD Entities to Survey
        • Convert to Survey command
      • Warnings and Errors
        • Can't open this CAD file
        • Can't delete the drawings's current layer
        • Can't exit the Cad View while a command is active
        • Can't print this CAD drawing
        • No printer/plotter is assigned to the current layout
        • No printer/plotter is assigned to the current layout
    • Sharing Objects Between the Drawing View and CAD View
      • Sending CAD Entities to the Drawing View
        • CAD View: Send Selected command
        • CAD View: Send Selected as Group command
        • CAD View: Send Selected Entities' Layers command
        • CAD View: Send Selected Entities' Layers as Group command
        • CAD View: Undo Last Send Selected command
      • Sending Drawing View Objects to the CAD View
        • Drawing View: Send Object command
        • Drawing View: Send Selected Objects command
        • Drawing View: Send Selected Objects' Layers command
    • Using the Drawing View with CAD
      • Exporting a Drawing to CAD
      • Importing XRefs into a Drawing
      • Sending Drawing View Objects to the CAD View
      • Importing CAD Files into a Drawing
    • Calibrating CAD Files
    • Using XReferences
    • Converting CAD Files
  • Using GIS
    • Learning GIS
    • What Shapes Are Supported
    • Shape Coordinate Systems
    • Exporting Point Shapes
    • Exporting Traverse Shapes
    • Exporting Drawings as Shape Files
    • Shape Export Settings dialog
    • Importing Shapes into a Survey
    • Importing Shapes into a Drawing
    • Shape Import Settings dialog
    • Warnings and Errors
      • It looks like this shape file contains geographic positions
      • Reading this Shape file into the survey will create ?? traverses
      • The shape file imported has no data
  • Using Google Earth
    • Learning to Use Google Earth
    • Exporting KML/KMZ
      • KML/KMZ Export dialog
    • Importing KML/KMZ
      • KML/KMZ Import dialog
    • Calibrating Google Earth Data
      • Google Earth Example
  • Using LandXML
    • Learning LandXML
    • Importing LandXML
      • LandXML Import Settings dialog
      • LandXML Import Tree
    • Exporting LandXML
      • LandXML Export Settings dialog
    • LandXML Points
    • LandXML Parcels
    • LandXML Alignments
    • LandXML Surfaces
    • LandXML Units
  • Using Least Squares
    • Learning Least Squares
    • What is Least Squares?
    • Least Squares Stochastic Model
      • Least Squares - Standard Errors dialog
    • Least Squares Solution Sequence
      • Least Squares dialog
      • Least Squares - Analyze
      • Least Squares - Analyze dialog
      • Least Squares - Editing Points dialog
      • Least Squares - Edit Observations dialog
      • Least Squares - Solve
      • Least Squares – Solve dialog
      • Least Squares - Report
      • Least Squares – Report dalog
      • Least Squares - Update
      • Least Squares - Update dialog
      • Least Squares - Modifying an Existing Network
      • Least Squares – Miscellaneous dialog
    • Entering Redundant Data
    • Mixing GNSS Points and Traverse Data
    • Least Squares Network Adjustment
      • Least Squares Network Adjustment command
    • Least Squares - Traverse Adjustment
    • Least Squares - Resections
      • 3-Point resection computed
    • Least Squares - Blunder Detection
    • Least Squares - Positoinal Tolerance
    • Least Squares - Relative Positoinal Precision
    • Least Squares Files
    • Warnings and Errors
      • Resetting the current analysis undoes any coordinate adjustments
      • Solution did not converge
      • Invalid Least Squares Matrix
      • Must have at least 2 fixed elements
  • Sharing Data
    • Learning Sharing Data
    • Sharing Survey Data
    • Sharing Drawing Data
    • Latitude & Longitude Formats
    • Using File Headers
      • Editing File Headers
    • Importing Survey Data
      • Import command
      • Import Settings
      • Modifying Imported Point Labels
      • Converting Coordinates on Import
      • Import Ground Traverse Settings
      • Import Details Report
      • Importing Matching Points
      • Undo Last Import
      • Calibrating on Import
    • Exporting Survey Data
      • Export command
      • Export Settings
      • Choosing What Data to Export
      • Calibrating on Export
    • Save / Recall Settings
    • Import/Export dialog
    • ASCII Coordinates
      • Importing ASCII Coordinates
        • ASCII Import Settings dialog
      • Exporting ASCII Coordinates
        • ASCII Export Settings dialog
    • Bad Elf (CSV)
      • Importing Bad Elf CSV
        • Bad Elf Import Settings dialog
      • Exporting Bad Elf CSV
        • Bad Elf CSV Export Settings dialog
    • C and G Binary Files
    • Carlson SurvCE
    • CST/Berger 202 & 205
    • CSV (Excel) Files
      • Exporting Survey Data as a Microsoft Excel File
    • DXF Points Import Settings dialog
    • Eagle Point Software Nodes
    • Emlid (CSV)
      • Learning Emlid
      • Solution: TPC and emlid RTK NTRIP
      • Emlid Flow & Emlid Flow 360
      • Syncing Emlid Data via a Hot Spot
      • Sharing Emlid Data
      • Emlid Point Codes
      • Emlid RTK via NTRIP
      • Emlid RTK via NTRIP Caster
      • Emlid RTK via Base & Rover
      • Emlid PPK (Post Processed Kinematics)
      • Importing From emlid CSV
        • emlid Import Settings dialog
      • Exporting To emlid CSV
        • emlid Export Settings dialog
      • Exporting To emlid DXF
      • Importing From emlid DXF
      • Using emlid Point Codes
        • Using emlid Codes in TPC
        • Exporting Point Codes to Emlid
    • Garmin Handheld GPS
    • Generic RAW Data
      • Exporting Generic RAW Data
      • Exporting Generic Data (CSV) Settings dialog
      • Imorting Generic RAW Data
      • Import Generic Data (CSV) Settings dialog
      • Generic Raw (CSV) Save / Recall Settings
    • Geodimeter 600
      • Geodeimter 600 File Settings Dialog
    • GMM Township Records
      • GMM Township Records Settings dialog
    • GNSS (CSV)
      • Importing GNSS CSV
        • GNSS Import Settings dialog
      • Exporting GNSS CSV
        • GNSS Export Settings dialog
    • Laser Technology Criterion/Impulse
      • Criterion File Settings dialog
    • Leica
      • Leica (Wildsoft)
      • Leica LISCAD GIS
      • Leica GSI
      • Leica Export Settings dialog
      • Leica Import Settings dialog
    • Microsurvey Genius
    • Nikon Raw V2.0
      • Nikon Raw V2.0 Export Settings dialog
      • Nikon Raw V2.0 Import Settings dialog
    • Pacsoft Binary Files
    • PDF
      • Creating PDF Files
      • Traverse PC PDF Driver
    • Pentax
      • Pentax PTS600
      • Pentax PCS300
      • Pentax DC1Z
        • DC1Z Export Settings Dialog
        • DC1Z Import Settings Dialog
    • PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Files
    • Raster Files
      • Using EMF / WMF Files
      • Exporting EMF Files
      • EMF Support
    • Softdesk (DCA) Release 10
    • Sokkia SDR
      • SDR Export Settings dialog
      • SDR Import Settings dialog
    • Tripod Data Systems TDS
      • TDS CR5 Binary Import Settings dialog
      • TDS RW5 / RAW Export Settings dialog
      • TDS RW5 / RAW Import Settings dialog
    • Topcon GTS 600
    • Traverse PC TRV
      • TRV Export Settings dialog
      • TRV Import Settings dialog
    • Trimble
      • Trimble DC10.70
      • Trimble Business Center
    • SMI Raw & Coordinates
      • SMI Raw Export Settings dialog
      • SMI Raw Import Settings dialog
    • Thales Navigation Z-Max
    • Windows CE Transfer
    • Connecting Directly via Serial
      • Advanced Port Settings dialog
      • Communications Profile dialog
    • Transferring Files
      • File Transfer command
      • TPC Handheld Manager
      • File Transfer dialog
    • Warnings and Errors
      • Only Direct Connection is allowed
      • No Import / Export engine was created
      • No Transfer Engine was Created
      • Source Not Allowed
      • Use the ASCII Coordinate File Type
  • Writing Legal Descriptions
    • Learning Legal Descriptions
    • Legal Description Report
    • Legal Description Definitions
    • Legal Description Style
    • Managing Legal Description Styles
    • Legal Description Settings
    • Legal Description Phrases
    • Legal Description Nested Phrases
    • Legal Description Geometric Phrases
    • Legal Description Sequence Phrases
    • Legal Description Spiral Phrases
    • Legal Description Place Holders
    • Legal Descriptions & Traverses
    • Legal Description dialog
      • Legal Template dialog
      • Legal Phrase dialog
      • Legal Area Settings dialog
      • Legal Courses dialog
      • Legal Directions & Positions dialog
      • Legal Distance dialog
      • Legal Miscellaneous Settings Dialog
      • Legal Preview dialog
      • Traverse Legal Description Commencement Points Command
  • Staking Out Points
    • Specifying Staked Points
    • Stakeout Report
      • Stakeout Report command
      • Stakeout Report Dialog
  • Deliverables
    • Delivering Your Survey
  • Reports
    • Learning Reports
    • Report View
    • Creating Reports
    • Printing Reports
    • Using Report Data in a Drawing
    • Survey Report
    • Traverse Closure
    • COGO Reports
    • Surface Information
    • Stakeout Report
    • Legal Description Report
    • Least Squares
    • Appending to Reports
      • Append to Report View command
      • Appending Data From Other Views
      • Appending Summaries from Dialogs
      • Appending From The Message View
      • Appending From Other Reports
    • Formatting a Report
      • Word Wrap command
    • Managing Reports
      • New Report command
      • Open Report command
      • Save Report command
      • Save Report As command
  • Printing Your Survey
    • Printing a View
    • Printing a Drawing
    • Printing a PDF
    • Windows Printers
    • Creating Custom Page Sizes
    • Print command
      • Print dialog
      • Print Progress dialog
    • Print Preview command
      • Print Preview Toolbar
    • Page Setup
      • Page Setup command
      • Page Setup dialog
    • Printer Setup
      • Printer Setup dialog
    • Warning and Errors
      • This printer is not available
      • Using Default Printer
  • Spell Checking
    • Spell Checking a Drawing
    • Spell Checking a Report
    • Spell Checking User Settings dialog
    • Spell Checking dialog
  • Plat Checking
  • Doing Field-to-Finish
  • <Empty>
  • 1, 2, 3, 4... command
  • 2-Point Rectangle command
  • 3-Point Rectangle command
  • About TPC Desktop command
  • Accenting Objects
  • Accessibility
  • Add Points to Traverse command
  • Add Points To Traverse Dialog
  • Add Points To Traverse Dialog - Drawing View
  • Adding a Border to a Drawing
  • Adding a Grid
  • Adding a Legend
  • Adding a Scale Bar
  • Adding a Title Block
  • Adding and Removing Fill Types
  • Adding Data to an Existing Traverse
  • Adding Drafted Lines
  • Adding Drawing Codes To a Traverse
  • Adding Point Symbols
  • Adding Points to Traverse
  • Adding Points to Traverses in Drawing View
  • Adding Record Data to a Table
  • Adding Your Own Line Types
  • Adjust Coordinates Dialog
  • Adjusting a Traverse
  • Advanced Dialog
  • Advanced Port Settings Dialog
  • Advanced Traverse Drawing Settings
  • Align Bottom command
  • Align Labels command
  • Align Left command
  • Align Right command
  • Align Top command
  • Aligning Drawing Objects
  • ALTA/ACSM Land Title Surveys
  • Angle Sets Dialog
  • Angled Text command
  • Append command
  • Append Existing Survey command
  • Append Fill Item to Legend Command
  • Append Text Item to Legend command
  • Append to Legend Command
  • Append to Message View
  • Append to Report View
  • Appending a Fill Item to a Legend
  • Apply Scale Factor Dialog
  • Applying a Scale Factor
  • Applying Precision
  • Arc command
  • Archiving Drawings
  • ASCII Coordinate Import/Export
  • ASCII Export Settings Dialog
  • ASCII Import Settings Dialog
  • ASCII Save / Recall Settings
  • Automatic Closure Settings
  • Automatic Updates
  • Background Clearing
  • Balancing Angles
  • Balancing Coordinates
  • Begin Curve command
  • Begin Figure command
  • Begin Line command
  • Binding an XReference
  • Block Files
  • Block Reference Dialog
  • Blocks
  • Blocks and Groups
  • Border command
  • Break Objects command
  • Breaking Drawing Objects
  • Breaklines Dialog
  • C&G Import
  • Cadastral Learning Guide(Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Cadastral Surveys(Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Calibrate
  • Calibrate GPS/GNSS
  • Calibrate In Reverse
  • Calibrating Drawing Data
  • Calibrating Survey Data
  • Calibrating Tools in the Drawing Data Manager
  • Calibration: Associations
  • Calibration: Editing
  • Calibration: Selecting Existing
  • Calibration: Site
  • Calibrations
  • Calibrations: Creating
  • Carlson SurvCE
  • Carrying Elevations in a Traverse
  • Cascade command
  • Chamfer command
  • Changing a Traverse Name
  • Changing Control Point Settings
  • Changing Side Shot Settings
  • Changing Traverse Drawing Settings
  • Changing Units Using Coordinate Conversion
  • Check For Updates
  • Choose Font Command
  • Choosing a Survey Grid
  • Choosing What Data COGO Works With
  • Choosing What Data to Export
  • Circle command
  • Circle Dialog
  • Cleaning Up Unused Points
  • Clear All Tags command
  • Clear Tag command
  • Clear View Command
  • Clip Survey Space to Object
  • Clipping Survey Space
  • Close Command
  • Close Figure command
  • Close Survey command
  • Closing Angle
  • Closing Angle Dialog
  • Closing Points
  • Closing Points Dialog
  • Closure Adjustments
  • Closure Error Summary
  • Closure Settings
  • Closure Settings Command
  • Closure Type Dialog
  • Closure Types
  • Closure View
  • Combination Spiral Dialog
  • Communications Profile Dialog
  • Compute Coordinates command
  • Compute Coordinates Dialog
  • Compute Vertical Alignment command
  • Compute Vertical Alignment Dialog
  • Computing a Center Section with PLSS Data
  • Computing a Predetermined Area
  • Computing New Coordinates for a Point
  • Computing Offset Intervals for Posting Line
  • Contents command
  • Contour Smoothing
  • Contours Dialog
  • Control Point Settings Dialog
  • Convert Fonts Command
  • Convert Fonts Dialog
  • Convert to Survey Dialog
  • Converting Between Grid and Geodetic Positions
  • Converting Blocks to Groups
  • Converting Drawing Objects to Survey Points
  • Coordinate Conversion command
  • Coordinate Conversion Dialog
  • Coordinate Distance Types
  • Coordinate Reference System
  • Coordinate Transformations
  • Copy command
  • Copy Item command
  • Copy Objects command
  • Copy Traverse Drawing Settings command
  • Copying Drawing Objects
  • Copying Traverse Drawing Settings
  • Copying Traverses
  • Corner Offset Dialog
  • Corner Offsets command
  • Create Block command
  • Create Surface From Traverse
  • Creating a Point at a Distance and Offset
  • Creating a TIN
  • Creating Blocks
  • Creating Corner Offsets
  • Creating Cut Sheets from Surfaces
  • Creating Multiple Points on a Line or Grade
  • Creating Offsets to a Straight Line
  • Creating Points at Intersections
  • Creating Points at Tangent Intersections
  • Creating Right Of Way Offsets
  • Creating Surfaces
  • Creating Transects From Surfaces
  • Creating Traverses
  • Criterion Import
  • Cropping a Picture
  • Cross Sections
  • Crows feet
  • Crows feet dialog
  • Crows feet Off command
  • Crows feet On command
  • CRS Ellipse Dialog
  • CRS Files
  • CST/Berger
  • Current Survey Backup Command
  • Curvature and Refraction
  • Curve Settings Dialog
  • Curve Table (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Curve Table command
  • Cut command
  • DC1Z Export Settings Dialog
  • DC1Z Import Settings Dialog
  • DC1Z Import/Export
  • DCA R10 Import
  • Decimals
  • Decimals Dialog
  • Delete command
  • Delete Raw Data command
  • Delete Selected Items command
  • Delete Unused Blocks command
  • Delete Unused Fonts Command
  • Delete VPI command
  • Deleting Points
  • Deleting Traverse Points
  • Deleting Traverses
  • Deleting Unused Blocks
  • Delineate Item in Drawing command
  • Delineate Modified Survey Text command
  • Delineate Paper Space Objects command
  • Delineate Point command
  • Delineate Survey Space Objects command
  • Delineate Topo Points command
  • Delineate Traverse command
  • Delineate Traverse in Drawing command
  • Delineating Objects
  • Delineating Objects in the Drawing Data Manager
  • Delineating Points
  • Delineating Traverses
  • Desktop
  • Desktop Dialog
  • DGN Support
  • Dimension command
  • Dimensions Dialog
  • Direct Connection to Serial Port
  • Direction Modifier
  • Display Missing Blocks / Pictures
  • Display Widths Dialog
  • Displaying Raw Data
  • Displaying Traverse Data in the Traverse Manager
  • Distance - Offset command
  • Distance-Offset Dialog
  • Dividing Your Field Data into Traverses
  • Doing COGO with PLSS Data
  • Double Proportion
  • Double Proportion Dialog
  • Double Proportion with Cardinal Offsets
  • Draft Mode
  • Draft Mode command
  • Drawing
  • Drawing Codes
  • Drawing Commands
  • Drawing Control Point Polylines
  • Drawing Data Manager
  • Drawing Details
  • Drawing Dialog
  • Drawing Drawing
  • Drawing Font Tools
  • Drawing Fonts
  • Drawing Geodetic Data
  • Drawing Groups
  • Drawing Groups: Calibrating
  • Drawing Label Formats vs Traverse Label Formats
  • Drawing Manager
  • Drawing Object Color
  • Drawing Object Properties
  • Drawing Object Properties Command
  • Drawing PLSS Data
  • Drawing Properties
  • Drawing Settings
  • Drawing Settings - Clear Background
  • Drawing Templates
  • Drawing View
  • Drawing View Format - Delineate Objects
  • Drawing View Format - Mouse
  • Drawing View Format - Preferences
  • Drawing View Settings Dialog
  • Drawing View Technology
  • Drawing View Traverse Commands
  • Drawing View vs. CAD
  • Drawing, Traverse and Object Settings
  • Drawings
  • Duplicate Item command
  • Duplicate Traverse command
  • Duplicating Traverses
  • DWG Support
  • DXF / DWG Export Settings Dialog
  • DXF / DWG Import Settings Dialog
  • DXF Points Import Settings Dialog
  • Dynamic Offset command
  • Edit Breaklines Command
  • Edit Item command
  • Edit Multiple Selected Items
  • Edit Point Symbols Command
  • Edit Scale List Command
  • Edit Scales Dialog
  • Edit Surface Border Command
  • Edit Traverse command
  • Editing a Block Reference
  • Editing a Picture
  • Editing Blocks
  • Editing Cross Section Settings
  • Editing Drawing Objects
  • Editing Points
  • Editing Profile Settings
  • Editing Sufaces
  • Editing Table Items
  • Editing the Scale List
  • Editing Topo Points
  • Editions
  • Ellipse command
  • Ellipse Dialog
  • EMF Support
  • End Figure command
  • End Line command
  • Enhanced Meta Files Settings Dialog
  • Entering Data
  • Entering Equations
  • Entering Exact Values
  • Entering PLSS Traverse Data
  • Entering Point Labels and Descriptions
  • Entering Redundant Data
  • Entering Remote Observations
  • Entering Side Shots
  • Entering Stadia
  • Entering Stations and Equations
  • Entering Traverse Data
  • Entering Traverse Data in Drawing View
  • Erase Objects command
  • Erasing Drawing Objects
  • Existing Point Dialog
  • Exit command
  • Export as CSV File
  • Exporting Data
  • Exporting DGN Drawings
  • Exporting Drawings
  • Exporting Drawings as Shape Files
  • Exporting DWG Drawings
  • Exporting DXF Drawings
  • Exporting EMF Files
  • Exporting KML
  • Exporting KMZ
  • Exporting Point Shapes
  • Exporting Surface
  • Exporting Traverse Shapes
  • Extend Objects command
  • Extending a Line
  • Extending Drawing Objects
  • Field Data
  • File Toolbar
  • File Transfer command
  • File Transfer Dialog
  • Fill Settings Dialog
  • Fill Types Dialog
  • Fillet command
  • Filling a Traverse
  • Filling Drawing Objects
  • Find Command
  • Find Dialog
  • Find Next command
  • Find Point command
  • Find Point In Drawing command
  • Find Points Dialog
  • Find Text command
  • Finding Points In a Drawing
  • Formatting a View
  • Formatting Labels
  • Formatting the Traverse View
  • Gap Command
  • Garmin GPS Import/Export
  • Generic Raw (CSV) Save / Recall Settings
  • Generic Raw Data
  • Generic Raw Data (CSV) Export Settings
  • Generic Raw Data (CSV) Import Settings
  • Generic Raw Data Import / Export
  • Generic Raw Data: Export
  • Generic Raw Data: Import
  • Geodeimter 600 Export Settings Dialog
  • Geodeimter 600 Import Settings Dialog
  • Geodesic vs Rhumb (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Geodesy (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Geodetic Area
  • Geodetic COGO
  • Geodetic Distance Types
  • Geodetic Midpoint
  • Geoids
  • Get Blocks Dialog
  • Get Blocks From File command
  • Get Breaklines From Traverse Command
  • Getting Started
  • GMM Township Records Import Settings Dialog
  • Google Earth
  • Google Earth KML
  • Google Earth KMZ
  • Google Earth usage
  • Grant Boundary Adjustment
  • Grid <=> Geodetic
  • Grid <=> Geodetic Dialog
  • Grid command
  • Grid Dialog
  • Group Editing
  • Group Objects command
  • Grouping Drawing Objects
  • Groups Dialog
  • Hatching and Fills
  • Hide Clip Line
  • Hiding Drawing Objects
  • Horizontal Curve command
  • Horizontal Curve Dialog
  • Horizontal Curve Fit Command
  • Horizontal Curve Fit Dialog
  • Horizontal Curve Fitting
  • Horizontal Curves
  • Horizontal Line Fit Command
  • Horizontal Line Fit Dialog
  • Horizontal Line Fitting
  • Hot Keys
  • Import Details Report
  • Import/Export Dialog
  • Importing and Exporting Geodetic Positions
  • Importing Data
  • Importing DGN Drawings
  • Importing Drawing Files
  • Importing DWG Drawings
  • Importing DXF Coordinates
  • Importing DXF Drawings
  • Importing KML
  • Importing KMZ
  • Importing Shape Files Into a Drawings
  • Importing Shapes Into a Survey
  • Importing Surfaces
  • Include Adjustment Details command
  • Include Adjustment Summary command
  • Include Closing Points Command
  • Include Closure Warnings command
  • Include Error Summary command
  • Including Surfaces in Drawings
  • Insert / Delete Points command
  • Insert Block command
  • Insert Line Table commands
  • Insert Lot Table commands
  • Insert Other Dialog
  • Insert Picture Command
  • Insert Point command
  • Insert Point Table command
  • Insert Surface From Selected Objects command
  • Insert VPI command
  • Inserting a Chamfer
  • Inserting a Circle
  • Inserting a Dimension
  • Inserting a Dynamic Offset
  • Inserting a Fillet
  • Inserting a Gap
  • Inserting a Line
  • Inserting a Midpoint
  • Inserting a Picture into a Drawing
  • Inserting a Polyline
  • Inserting a Range of Points
  • Inserting a Rectangle
  • Inserting a Text Box with Word Wrap
  • Inserting an Arc
  • Inserting an Ellipse
  • Inserting an Interior Angle
  • Inserting Angled Text
  • Inserting Blocks
  • Inserting Matching Points
  • Inserting Points by Proximity
  • Inserting Text
  • Inserting Traverse Points
  • Interior Angle command
  • Intersect command
  • Intersection Dialog
  • Inversing Between any Two Points
  • Irregular Boundary Adjustment
  • KML
  • KML Export Dialog
  • KMZ
  • KMZ Import Dialog
  • Label Format Examples
  • Label Format Word Spacing
  • Label Objects command
  • Label Reading Orientation
  • Label Stacked Orientation
  • Label Style
  • Label Style vs Table Style
  • Labeling COGO Points
  • Labeling Drawing Objects
  • Labeling Lines
  • Labeling Points
  • LandXML
  • LandXML Alignments
  • LandXML Export Settings
  • LandXML Import Settings
  • LandXML Import Tree
  • LandXML Parcels
  • LandXML Points
  • LandXML Surfaces
  • LandXML Units
  • Layers
  • Layers command
  • Layers Dialog
  • Leader command
  • Leader Off command
  • Leader On command
  • Leaders Dialog
  • Learning Guides
  • Least Squares - Analyze
  • Least Squares - Blunder Detection
  • Least Squares – Edit Observations Dialog
  • Least Squares – Edit Points Dialog
  • Least Squares – Miscellaneous Page (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Least Squares - Modifying an Existing Network
  • Least Squares - Network Adjustment
  • Least Squares - Positional Tolerance
  • Least Squares - Relative Positional Precision (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Least Squares - Report
  • Least Squares - Resection
  • Least Squares - Solve
  • Least Squares - Standard Errors Dialog
  • Least Squares - Step 1 - Analyze Page (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Least Squares – Step 2 - Solve Page (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Least Squares - Step 3 - Update Page (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Least Squares – Step 4 - Report Page (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Least Squares - Traverse Adjustment
  • Least Squares - Update
  • Least Squares (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Least Squares Files
  • Least Squares Network Adjustment command
  • Least Squares Overview
  • Legal Description Dialog
  • Legal Description Phrases
  • Legal Description Report
  • Legal Description Spiral Phrases
  • Legal Description Style
  • Legal Description Styles
  • Legal Description Traverse
  • Legal Descriptions
  • Legend command
  • Legend Dialog
  • Legend Item Description Dialog
  • Legends
  • Leica (Wild) Export Settings Dialog
  • Leica (Wild) Import Settings Dialog
  • Leica (Wild) Import/Export
  • Leica GSI
  • License Agreement
  • License Management
  • License Validation
  • Licenses
  • Limited Warranty
  • Limits Dialog
  • Line command
  • Line Table (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Line Types
  • Line/Arc/Rectangle Properties Dialog
  • Line/Curve Table Dialog
  • LISCAD Leica GSI
  • List View Format Dialog
  • List View Report
  • Location Labels
  • Locking Surface
  • Lot Labels and Area
  • Lot Labels Dialog
  • Lot Setbacks
  • Lot Setbacks Dialog
  • Lot Table (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Lots
  • Managing Ellipses
  • Managing Layers
  • Maximize Command
  • Medial Lines
  • Message View
  • Microsurvey Field Genius
  • Minimize Command
  • Miscellaneous Drawing Settings Dialog
  • Miscellaneous Profile Settings Dialog
  • Miscellaneous Program Settings Dialog
  • Modifying Fill Types
  • Modifying the Predefined Line Types
  • Modifying Traverses in Drawing View
  • Move Command
  • Move Objects command
  • Moving Drawing Objects
  • Moving Traverses
  • Multiple Points command
  • Multiple Points Dialog
  • Multiple Surfaces
  • NAD 83 Epoch 2010.00
  • Nested Commands
  • New Drawing Dialog
  • New Report command
  • New Survey command
  • Nikon Raw V2.0 Export Settings Dialog
  • Nikon Raw V2.0 Import Settings Dialog
  • Nikon Raw V2.0 Import/Export
  • No CAD Zone Drawings
  • No CAD Zone Drawings Quick Start
  • No Help Available
  • Object Labels Dialog
  • Object Layer Tools
  • Object Library
  • Object Offset command
  • Object Set Setback Type command
  • Object Snap Mode
  • Object Snap Mode command
  • Obvious Navigation
  • Offset Interval command
  • Offset Interval Dialog
  • Offset Objects command
  • Offset to Alignment command
  • Offset to Alignment Dialog
  • Offset To Line command
  • Offset to Line Dialog
  • Offsets to Alignments
  • Offsetting Drawing Objects
  • On-Line Videos
  • Opacity
  • Open Dialog
  • Open Item command
  • Open Report command
  • Open Sample Surveys Command
  • Open Survey command
  • Optimizing Surfaces
  • Ortho Mode
  • Overriding Point Symbols
  • Pacsoft Import
  • Page Layout Mode
  • Page Setup command
  • Page Setup Dialog
  • Panning and Zooming In Drawing View
  • Paper Space Mode command
  • Paper Space vs. Survey Space
  • Paste command
  • PDF Files
  • Pentax PCS300 Import/Export
  • Pentax PTS 600 Import/Export
  • Personal
  • Picking COGO From a Drawing
  • Picture Settings Dialog
  • Plan Curve Label Format Dialog
  • Plan Line Label Format Dialog
  • Plan Point Label Format Dialog
  • Plotting COGO Points
  • Point Code Manager
  • Point Code Manager Settings
  • Point Code Traverse Drawing Settings
  • Point Codes
  • Point Codes Files
  • Point Manager
  • Point Origin (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Point Protection Dialog
  • Point Status (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Point Symbol Dialog
  • Point Symbols
  • Point Table (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Points
  • Polyline command
  • Polyline Dialog
  • Polyline Traverses
  • Position Drawing command
  • Positioning the Survey on the Page
  • Precision Dialog
  • Predetermined Area command
  • Predetermined Area Dialog
  • Predictive Data Entry
  • Premium Edition
  • Print command
  • Print Dialog
  • Print Preview command
  • Print Preview Toolbar
  • Print Progress Dialog
  • Print Setup Dialog (Vista Only)
  • Printing
  • Printing Data
  • Prioritizing Traverse Drawing Settings
  • PRJ Files
  • Professional Edition
  • Profile Settings Dialog
  • Profile View command
  • Profiles
  • Program Folder
  • Program Settings command
  • Program Validation Dialog
  • Protect Off command
  • Protect On command
  • Protecting Points
  • Purge Drawings command
  • Radial Rays
  • Random Inverse command
  • Random Inverse Dialog
  • Raster Files
  • Recompute Surface Command
  • Recomputing a Traverse
  • Record Data
  • Rectangle command
  • Redraw command
  • Redraw vs. Regen
  • Referencing the Survey to a Picture
  • Refresh View command
  • Regenerate command
  • Relabel Points Dialog
  • Relabeling Traverse Points
  • Reloading an XReference
  • Remove Breaklines in Traverse Command
  • Repeating Commands
  • Replace command
  • Replace Dialog
  • Replace Text command
  • Report View
  • Reports
  • Reset Direction Label command
  • Reset Modified Attributes
  • Resizing a Picture
  • Restore Command
  • Reverse Calibrate
  • Right-of-Way Offset Dialog
  • Right-of-Way Offsets command
  • Rotate command
  • Rotate Dialog
  • Rotate Drawing command
  • Rotating
  • Rotating a Drawing on the Page
  • Rotating Drawing Objects
  • Rotating Objects command
  • Sample Surveys
  • Save / Recall Traverse Drawing Settings List
  • Save As command
  • Save As Dialog
  • Save command
  • Save Report As command
  • Save Report command
  • Scaling a Drawing
  • Scroll Bars
  • SDR File Export Settings Dialog
  • SDR File Import Settings Dialog
  • SDR Import/Export
  • Search For Help On command
  • Searching for Points
  • Select All command
  • Select All Paper Space Objects command
  • Select All Survey Space Objects command
  • Select Objects command
  • Select Previous Objects command
  • Select Tagged Command
  • Select Unused Points command
  • Selecting Drawing Objects
  • Selecting Items
  • Selecting Traverse Data in Drawing View
  • Selecting Traverse Lines in Drawing View
  • Selecting Traverses Traverse Points in Drawing View
  • Selecting Traverses Traverse Points in Traverse View
  • Send E-Mail
  • Sending CAD Entities to the Drawing View
  • Sending Drawing View Objects to the CAD View
  • Separate Point Label Layers
  • Set All Tags
  • Set Out Corners (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Set Properties command
  • Set Properties Dialog
  • Set Survey Point Properties command
  • Set Tag command
  • Setting the Default Direction
  • Shape Coordinate System
  • Shape Export Settings Dialog
  • Shape Files
  • Shape Import Settings Dialog
  • Share Survey As command
  • Shared Survey Files Folder
  • Show Hidden Objects command
  • Side Shot Settings Dialog
  • Single Proportion
  • Single Proportion Dialog
  • Single Spiral Dialog
  • Size Command
  • Slope Analysis
  • Slope Analysis Dialog
  • Smart Drawing Objects
  • SMI Import/Export
  • SMI Raw Export Settings Dialog
  • SMI Raw Import Settings Dialog
  • Snap Commands
  • Snap End command
  • Snap Insert Point command
  • Snap Intersect command
  • Snap Mid Point command
  • Snap Nearest command
  • Snap Perpendicular command
  • Snap Tangent command
  • Sort Points by Code Dialog
  • Sort Points Dialog
  • Sorting Points in a Traverse
  • Sorting Points To Traverses
  • Sorting Points Within Traverses
  • Space Horizontally command
  • Space Vertically command
  • Spacing Drawing Objects
  • Spell Check Dialog
  • Spell Check Settings Dialog
  • Spell Checking
  • Spell Checking a Drawing
  • Spell Checking a Report
  • Spiral Curve command
  • Spiral Definitions
  • Spirals
  • Stack Labels command
  • Stakeout Points
  • Stakeout Report
  • Stakeout Report command
  • Starting a new Survey
  • Starting a Traverse
  • Station Offset command
  • Station Offset Dialog
  • Station Offset Report
  • Station Offsets
  • Stations
  • Stations command
  • Stations Dialog
  • Status Bar
  • Sticky Adjustments
  • Stock Objects Dialog
  • Storing Blocks in the Drawing
  • Sun Shot Observations Dialog
  • Sun Shots
  • Sun Shots Dialog
  • Support
  • Surface
  • Surface Borders
  • Surface Cut Sheet Command
  • Surface Dialog
  • Surface Drawing Objects
  • Surface Info Command
  • Surface Layers
  • Surface Manager
  • Surface Settings
  • Surface Transect Command
  • Surface Volume
  • Surface Volume Dialog
  • Surfaces
  • Surfaces command
  • Survey (Big) Files
  • Survey (Large) Files
  • Survey (Project) Factors
  • Survey (Project) Location
  • Survey Backups Dialog
  • Survey Client and Address
  • Survey Data Dialog
  • Survey Definitions
  • Survey Distance and Direction
  • Survey Factors Dialog
  • Survey File Backups
  • Survey File Locking
  • Survey File Preferences
  • Survey Files
  • Survey Information
  • Survey Information Dialog
  • Survey Job ID
  • Survey Owner and Address
  • Survey Point Properties
  • Survey Point Properties Dialog
  • Survey Report
  • Surveyor
  • Surveys
  • Switch To Command
  • Sync to Drawing View
  • Synchronizing Views command
  • Tagging Items
  • Task Manager
  • TDS Import/Export
  • TDS RW5 and RAW Export Settings Dialog
  • TDS RW5 and RAW Import Settings Dialog
  • Text Box command
  • Text command
  • Text Legend Item Dialog
  • Text Properties Dialog
  • Thales Navigation Z-Max Import/Export
  • The TPC Survey System
  • The Undo Command
  • Tile command
  • TIN Dialog
  • Title Bar
  • Title Block Dialog
  • Tolerance
  • Tool Tips
  • Tool Tips Command
  • Toolbars
  • Topcon GTS 600
  • Topcon GTS-600 Import
  • Topo Off command
  • Topo On command
  • TPC Desktop 2008
  • TPC Desktop 2010
  • TPC Desktop 2011
  • TPC Desktop 2011 Help
  • TPC Desktop 2013
  • TPC Desktop 2014
  • TPC Desktop 2014 Release 1
  • TPC Desktop 2014 Release 2
  • TPC Desktop 2015
  • TPC Desktop 2015 Release 1
  • TPC Desktop 2015 Release 2
  • TPC Desktop 2016
  • TPC Desktop 2016 Release 1
  • TPC Desktop 2016 Release 2
  • TPC Desktop 2017
  • TPC Desktop 2017 Release 1
  • TPC Desktop 2017 Release 21
  • TPC Desktop 2018
  • TPC Desktop 2018 Release 1
  • TPC Desktop 2018 Release 2
  • TPC Desktop 2019
  • TPC Desktop 2019 Release 1
  • TPC Desktop 2020
  • TPC Desktop 2020 Release 1
  • TPC Desktop 2020 Release 2
  • TPC Desktop 2021
  • TPC Desktop Evaluation Mode
  • TPC Handheld Manager
  • Transferring Files
  • Transform Coordinates command
  • Transform Coordinates Dialog
  • Translate command
  • Translate Dialog
  • Translating
  • Traverese Line Direction Labels
  • Traverse
  • Traverse Closure
  • Traverse Dialog
  • Traverse Direction Modifier Dialog
  • Traverse Direct-Reverse Report
  • Traverse Direct-Reverse Report Command
  • Traverse Direct-Reverse Report Dialog
  • Traverse Formats Dialog
  • Traverse Groups
  • Traverse Information Dialog
  • Traverse LandXML Dialog
  • Traverse Line Table
  • Traverse Location Dialog
  • Traverse Manager
  • Traverse PC in Windows
  • Traverse PC PDF Driver
  • Traverse Point Table
  • Traverse Point Types
  • Traverse Polylines
  • Traverse Properties
  • Traverse Properties command
  • Traverse Properties Dialog
  • Traverse Report
  • Traverse Report command
  • Traverse Report Dialog
  • Traverse Resection
  • Traverse Setbacks Dialog
  • Traverse Smoothing
  • Traverse Summary
  • Traverse Tables
  • Traverse View
  • Traverse View Distance Types
  • Traverse View Format - Advanced
  • Traverse View Format - Decimals
  • Traverse View Format Dialog
  • Traverse View Formats
  • Traverses
  • Traversing
  • Trim Objects command
  • Trimble DC10
  • Trimming Drawing Objects
  • Trimming Symbols
  • TRV and DRV Files
  • TRV Export Settings Dialog
  • TRV File Import/Export
  • TRV Import Settings Dialog
  • Unbinding an XReference
  • Un-Clip Survey Space Command
  • Undo Adjustments Command
  • Undo COGO Compute
  • Undo command
  • Undo GOGO Save
  • Unique Surface Settings
  • Unique Traverse Drawing Settings
  • Units Dialog
  • Unloading an XReference
  • Unselect Objects command
  • Untag Surface command
  • Update Codes command
  • Update Point Code Traverses command
  • Update Point Codes Dialog
  • Update Raw Data Dialog
  • Update Vertical PI's command
  • Update Vertical PI's Dialog
  • Updating Raw Data
  • User Collaboration
  • Using Autosave
  • Using Blocks from Other CAD Programs
  • Using Breaklines
  • Using COGO
  • Using Data Sets
  • Using DGN Files
  • Using Drawing View
  • Using DWF Files
  • Using DWG Files
  • Using DXF Files
  • Using EMF Files
  • Using Google Earth
  • Using Help command
  • Using Multiple Monitors
  • Using Pictures
  • Using PNG Files
  • Using Predefined AutoCAD Line Types
  • Using Scale Factors
  • Using Shape Files
  • Using Sun Shots in Traverses
  • Using Tables (Land Surveying Software, Land Survey Software, COGO Software, Land Surveyor Software)
  • Using Text Objects
  • Using the Format Toolbar
  • Using the Point Plot Traverse
  • Using Variables
  • Version 16.0
  • Version 17.0
  • Version 2008
  • Version 2010
  • Version 2010 (11.5)
  • Version 2011
  • Version 2013
  • Version 2014
  • Version 2015
  • Version 2015 Release1
  • Version 2015 Release2
  • Version 2016 Release1
  • Version 2016 Release2
  • Version 2017 Release1
  • Version 2017 Release2
  • Version 4.1
  • Version 4.11
  • Version 4.5
  • Version 5.0
  • Version 6.0
  • Version 6.5
  • Version 7.0
  • Version 8.0
  • Version 8.5
  • Version 9.0
  • Version 9.5
  • Vertical Curves
  • View Format - Toolbars
  • View Single Row command
  • Viewing a Single Traverse
  • Viewing Tagged Traverses
  • Views
  • What Shapes are Supported
  • Whatlist
  • What's New?
  • What's This command
  • Window Extents command
  • Windows 7 / Vista
  • Windows CE Transfer
  • Word Wrap command
  • Word Wrap Dialog
  • Working with Areas
  • Working with Drawing Objects
  • Working with Meters
  • Working with Names
  • Working with Survey Files
  • Working with Units
  • Working with Views
  • World Files
  • XReferences
  • Zoom Extents command
  • Zoom In
  • Zoom Out command
  • Zoom Page
  • Zoom Points command
  • Zoom Previous command
  • Zoom Window command
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